Ṣe Awọn Olugba Ọdẹ Ni ilera Ju Awọn Eniyan Ti Ode Ode?

Ọdẹ apejo ti wa ni igba ro ti bi yadi eranko awon eniya ti o ti gbé kukuru, miser aye. Ni awọn ofin ti awọn ilọsiwaju lawujọ gẹgẹbi imọ-ẹrọ, awọn awujọ ọdẹ ode ko kere si ọlaju ode oni. eda eniyan awọn awujọ. Sibẹsibẹ, irisi irọrun yii ṣe idiwọ fun awọn eniyan kọọkan ni oye sinu 90%¹ ti itankalẹ wa gẹgẹ bi awọn agbo ode, ati oye yẹn le fun wa ni awọn ẹkọ nipa bi a ṣe le mu didara igbesi aye wa pọ si nipa ṣiṣe itọju ẹda wa ati nipa bi a ṣe dagbasoke. 

O ti wa ni daradara mọ pe ode gatherers ní significantly kuru apapọ aye ireti ju imusin eniyan, aropin igbesi aye ọdẹ gatherer jẹ ibikan laarin 21 ati 37 ² akawe si awọn agbaye aye expectancy ti eniyan loni ti o jẹ 70 plus³. Sibẹsibẹ, ni kete ti iwa-ipa, iku ọmọde ati awọn nkan miiran ti wa ni iṣakoso fun, apapọ igbesi aye agbo ode ni ibimọ di 70² eyi ti o jẹ fere kanna bi ti imusin eniyan.  

Ogboju ode ti o wa loni tun ni ilera pupọ ju ọlaju lọ eniyan. Awọn arun ti ko le ran (NCDs) gẹgẹbi àtọgbẹ, arun ọkan, akàn ati arun Alṣheimer jẹ eyiti ko wọpọ laarin awọn agbo ode – o kere ju 10% ⁴ ti o ju 60s ni olugbe kan ni awọn NCDs, ni akawe si awọn olugbe ilu ode oni nibiti o to 15% ⁵ ti 60 si 79 ọdun atijọ ni o ni arun ọkan nikan (ọkan nikan ninu ọpọlọpọ awọn iṣeeṣe ti NCD). Apapọ ọdẹ gatherer jẹ tun jina fitter ju apapọ ilu eda eniyan, bi apapọ ọdẹ gatherer ni o ni isunmọ 100 iṣẹju fun ọjọ kan ti dede si ga kikankikan idaraya . ⁴, akawe si awọn igbalode American agbalagba 17 iṣẹju ⁷. Ọra ara wọn tumọ si tun wa ni ayika 26% fun awọn obinrin ati 14% fun awọn ọkunrin ⁴, ni akawe si apapọ ọra ara agbalagba Amẹrika ti 40% fun awọn obinrin ati 28% fun awọn ọkunrin. ⁸. 

Siwaju si, nigbati awọn Neolithic akoko bẹrẹ (eyi ni gbogbogbo jẹ iyipada lati ọdẹ ati apejọ si iṣẹ ogbin), ilera of eniyan bi awọn ẹni-kọọkan kọ ⁶. Ilọsoke ninu awọn arun ehín, awọn aarun ajakalẹ-arun, ati awọn aipe ounjẹ ounjẹ waye ⁶ pẹlu ibẹrẹ ti Iyika Neolithic. Iṣesi tun wa ti idinku giga agbalagba pẹlu ounjẹ ti o da lori iṣẹ-ogbin ⁶. Idinku iyatọ ti awọn ounjẹ ni ounjẹ jẹ abala nla ti eyi. Lọ́nà tí ó bani lẹ́nu, àwọn ọdẹ gan-an tún gba ohun ìgbẹ́mìíró wọn ní àkókò díẹ̀ ju àwọn oníṣẹ́ àgbẹ̀ lọ, tí ó túmọ̀ sí pé àwọn ọdẹ ní àkókò fàájì púpọ̀ síi. ^9. Paapaa iyalẹnu diẹ sii, nitootọ iyan kere si laarin awọn agbo ode ju awọn alagbẹdẹ lọ ¹⁰. 

Awọn awujọ agbode ode tun jẹ dọgbadọgba diẹ sii ju awọn awujọ ti o gbẹkẹle agbe ¹¹ nitori pe awọn ohun elo ti o kere ju ni a kojọpọ ati nitori naa awọn ẹni-kọọkan ko le ni agbara lori awọn eniyan miiran, nitori pe gbogbo wọn jẹ awọn ẹya pataki si apapọ. Nitorinaa, o dabi pe ikojọpọ awọn orisun ti o yori si bugbamu olugbe nla jẹ ifosiwewe akọkọ fun eda eniyan ĭdàsĭlẹ niwon ibẹrẹ ti agriculture, ati awọn ti o jẹ seese wipe awọn ilera ti awọn ẹni-kọọkan ti gbogun bi abajade. Botilẹjẹpe, kedere ọpọlọpọ awọn imotuntun bii oogun le ni ilọsiwaju eda eniyan ilera, sibẹsibẹ, ọpọlọpọ awọn okunfa ti opolo ati ti ara ilera wáyé ni o wa nitori wa divergence lati wa ode gatherer wá. 

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.29198/scieu/2008141

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To jo:  

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8. Marie-Pierre St-Onge 2010. Ni o wa Deede-àdánù America Lori-Fat? Isanraju (Orisun Silver). Ọdun 2010 Oṣu kọkanla; 18 (11): DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2010.103 Wa lori ayelujara ni https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3837418/#:~:text=Average%20American%20men%20and%20women,particularly%20in%20lower%20BMI%20categories. 

9. Dyble, M., Thorley, J., Oju-iwe, AE et al. Ibaṣepọ ni iṣẹ-ogbin ni nkan ṣe pẹlu akoko isinmi ti o dinku laarin awọn ọdẹ ode Agta. Nat Hum Behav 3, 792–796 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-019-0614-6 Wa lori ayelujara ni https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-019-0614-6 

10. Berbesque JC, Marlowe FW, Shaw P, Thompson P. Hunter-gatherers ni kere ìyan ju agriculturalists. Biol Lett. 2014;10 (1):20130853. Atejade 2014 Jan 8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2013.0853 Wa lori ayelujara ni https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3917328/ 

11. Grey P., 2011. Bawo ni Ọdẹ-Gatherers ṣetọju won Egalitarian Ona. Psychology Loni. Pipa May 16, 2011. Wa lori ayelujara ni  https://www.psychologytoday.com/gb/blog/freedom-learn/201105/how-hunter-gatherers-maintained-their-egalitarian-ways  

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